Influence of tool rotational speed on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 316 Austenitic stainless steel friction stir welded joints

Abstract

Fabrication of steel joints using fusion welding technique will result in defects like hot cracking, and heavy residual stresses along with coarse microstructural features in the weldments. To overcome these problems, friction stir welding (FSW) technique was employed to fabricate steel joints. Tungsten based alloy tool is used in this investigation to withstand high dynamic frictional forces at elevated temperature generated during welding. Tool shoulder diameter of 25 mm, pin diameter of 3 mm and pin length 2.9 mm was employed to carry out the friction stir welding on SS316 steel plate of 3 mm. Sound joints produced at a constant welding speed of 40 mm min−1, axial load of 15 kN at different tool rotational speed of 600 rpm and 700 rpm. In accordance with ASTM standards, Tensile, Compression, Micro hardness and impact tests were carried out to assess the mechanical properties of weld joints and the base metal. Mechanical testing results showed that tensile and hardness of the welded material was improved in compared with base metal. However, the impact strength of the welded metal is reduced. Furthermore, the base metal and welded metal were subjected to study microstructural analysis using optical and scanning electron microscopy. EDS and XRD analysis were also carried out on welded zone to understand about the formation of new phases in weld zone and it is surroundings.