Abstract
ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of the incorporation of titanium dioxide nanotubes with alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ntTiO2/ATAB) into experimental adhesive resins on their physicochemical properties and adhesion to dentin. Materials & methodsThe experimental adhesive resins were formulated with 66.66 wt% Bis-GMA and 33.33 wt% HEMA, photoinitiator with addition of ntTiO2/ATAB (1:1) in different concentrations: G1%, G2.5%, and G5%. One groups with no ntTiO2/ATAB addition was used as control (G0%). An optical tensiometer was used to analyze the contact angle (COA) by the sessile drop method (distilled water and α-bromonaphthalene) (n = 5), while the surface free energy (SFE) was calculated using Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method. Flexural strength (FS) test (three-point bending) of polymerized adhesive samples was performed according to ISO 4049:2019 (n = 10) after 24 h or one year of water storage at 37 °C, as well as for the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test, in which a commercial adhesive (GSBMP) was also used as control (n = 10). The adhesive-dentin interfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectrometry (n = 5). Data were analyzed by one-way (COA and SFE), two-way (FLE and μTBS) ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). ResultsG5% showed the highest COA with nonpolar liquid and higher SFE than G0%. The G5% showed decreased FS compared to G0%. The μTBS of both controls (G0% and GSBMP) decreased after one year. TiO2/ATAB-containing adhesives to dentin showed no significant decrease after one year. All adhesives formed hybrid layer and the resin tags inside the dentinal tubules. ConclusionsThe incorporation of 1 and 2.5% of ntTiO2/ATAB into experimental adhesive resins did not impar the SFE. After one year, any concentration of ntTiO2/ATAB reduced the FS compared with control, but did not impair the μTBS.
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