Abstract
To find out if timing of endectocidic antiparasitic treatment is critical for its efficacy in overwintering reindeer, 72 hinds of the Kaamanen Experimental Reindeer Herd were randomly allocated to four groups. Three groups received ivermecrin mixture orally once at a dose of 200 pg/kg, either in September, December, or February, and one group was left untreated. Antiparasitic efficacy was evaluated by counting Hypoderma tarandi and Cephenemyia trompe larvae in April, and by faecal examinanon for trichostrongylid nematode eggs in March and April. Production efficacy consequences were assessed by comparing animal weight development from November to April, and calf birth weights. No difference could be seen in the antiparasitic efficacy of the treatments; all were 100 % efficient against H. tarandi larvae (warbles) and C. trompe larvae (throat bors), and reduced the trichostrongylid egg output by 62 to 74%. Weight gains of the groups were not significantly different, however the calf birrh weights differed nearly significantly (P = 0.057). On average, smallest calves were produced by the untreated group.
Highlights
Endectocidic antiparasitic treatment has become a routine in Finnish reindeer husbandry (Anon., 1993)
Antiparasitic efficacy was evaluated by counting Hypoderma tarandi and Cephenemyia trompe larvae in April, and by faecal examinanon for trichostrongylid nematode eggs in March and April
N o difference could be seen in the antiparasitic efficacy of the treatments; a l l were 100 % efficient against H. tarandi larvae and C. trompe larvae, and reduced the trichostrongylid egg output by 62 to 74 %
Summary
Endectocidic antiparasitic treatment (efficacy against both some endo- and ectoparasites) has become a routine in Finnish reindeer husbandry (Anon., 1993). From the endectocidic avermectins and m i l bemycins produced, the only one so far in commercial use in reindeer is ivermectin. Injectable ivermectin at a dose of 200 ug/kg has high efficacy against warbles, Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera: Oestridae), and throat bots, Cephenemyia trompe (Diptera: Oestridae), the «sinus worm» Lingnatula arctka (Pentastomida), and many nematodes parasitizing reindeer (Nordkvist et al, 1983, 1984; Haugerud et al, 1993). Oral ivermectin at the same dose given in December was highly effective against warbles and throat bots, but its nematocidal efficacy was lower than that of the injection (Oksanen et al, 1992a, 1993). It has been observed that different developmental stages of parasitic nematodes have different susceptibilities to antiparasitics. Whereas i n examination 50 days later it was found that all abomasal nematodes had been killed after ivermectin injection on 23 February (Nordkvist et al, 1983), no efficacy was seen after injection given
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