Abstract
Agricultural management, such as tillage and straw-returning, affect soil fertility and nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. With the increasing food demand and challenges imposed by climate change, these effects on soil fertility need to be closely monitored, so that short-term agricultural intensification should not threaten the long-term productivity of the land. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the long-term effects of different management practices on soil aggregate stability and associated organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) over a 33-year period in the croplands of the North China Plain. Bulk soils from the surface and subsurface layers were fractionated using the wet sieving approach. The results showed that the silt + clay (SC) fractions (<0.053 mm) were predominant, accounting for 32–56% of the mass at the 0–20 cm depth, and accounting for 41–55% of the mass at the 20–40 cm depth. Additionally, long-term (33 years) no-tillage management and straw-returning at different application rates increased the mass of large soil macroaggregates (LMA), the LMA- and macroaggregate-associated OC content, but decreased the SC-associated OC content. Mineral N and P fertilizers had a minor effect on the stabilization of soil aggregates. The treatment with straw significantly increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GWD), compared with the treatment without straw. Our results indicate that carefully regulated management practices would enhance soil aggregate stability, associated OC and N content in the intensive agroecosystem.
Highlights
Agricultural management practices, such as tillage and straw-returning, affect soil structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen stocks, which are crucial for sustainable agriculture [1,2].Conventional agricultural practices cause soil disturbance, leading to a loss of approximately 40% of SOC, thereby degrading the soil quality [3,4]
Theand application rates of straw increased the mass of large macroaggregates (LMA), MA, and MI fractions, and decreased thetillage
Our results showed that long-term (33 years) no-tillage management and straw-returning at different application rates increased soil LMA mass, the LMA, and MA-associated OC content, but decreased the silt + clay (SC)-associated OC content
Summary
Agricultural management practices, such as tillage and straw-returning, affect soil structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen stocks, which are crucial for sustainable agriculture [1,2]. Conventional agricultural practices cause soil disturbance, leading to a loss of approximately 40% of SOC, thereby degrading the soil quality [3,4]. No-tillage with crop straw management in croplands may be a way to sequester organic carbon (OC) and increase soil fertility [6,7]. As the basic unit of soil structure, soil aggregates are closely related to the degree of SOC stability [8,9,10]. Soil aggregates are important indicators affecting the physical, chemical, Agronomy 2020, 10, 951; doi:10.3390/agronomy10070951 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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