Abstract
The article presents the results of primary crystallization, wear resistance and SEM studies of chromium cast iron inoculated with ferrotitanium and rare earth elements as a mischmetal inoculating mixture. Thermal-derivative analysis method was used to conduct studies of primary crystallization in two types of testers, namely ATD-C and ATD-Is, reflecting two different cooling speeds. Wear resistance tests were performed with the use of modified pin-on-disk method on Tribotester 3-POD device, where the samples were moving in circular motion in metal-mineral friction system. Silicon carbide was used as a counter sample. The studies allowed to determine the influence of selected inoculants on the microstructure and wear resistance of the studied samples. All characteristic crystallization temperatures of samples casted into ATD-Is testers increased, as well as wear resistance of each inoculated samples compared to the non-inoculated sample. It was proven that TiC and REE compounds are effective inoculants for chromium carbides and that REE compounds can work as underlay for TiC crystallization.
Highlights
Castings made of chromium cast iron are generally working in hostile conditions, where intense wear is the main problem
In industries such as mining, mineral processing or energetics, chromium cast iron is commonly used for elements exposed to increased wear
What if wear resistance of selected chromium cast iron is insufficient for our needs? One of the possibilities is to use alloying elements different than chromium, which will form different carbides, resulting in enhancement of wear resistance, but such action will highly increase the cost of production
Summary
Castings made of chromium cast iron are generally working in hostile conditions, where intense wear is the main problem. Ma et al calculated the lattice parameters of Cr7C3 carbides present in examined high chromium cast irons and obtained the following results: a = b = 6.88 A ; c = 4.54 Ain a hexagonal system, as well as a = b = c = 4.32 A (d = 4.8) in case of TiC carbides in a regular system. According to calculations of Qu et al (Ref 6), lattice parameters of Cr7C3 carbides are a = b = 6.99 A ; c = 4.036 A , and the parameters of Ce2O2S, are a = b = 6.942; c = 4.036 A (d = 0.69) in a hexagonal system These studies proved that both TiC and Ce2O2S are effective inoculants of Cr7C3 carbides. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance work, both inoculants were simultaneously added to the melt in order to evaluate their synergistic effect
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