Abstract
This paper deals with the optimization of the crossbars, parts of the existing frame of the experimental system of the Alternative SkidCar. This part plays a crucial role and is designed to enable and ensure reduced adhesion conditions between the vehicle and the road. To this end, its optimization targeted here is performed using both analytical calculations and simulations in MSC Adams software, wherein the loading forces and boundary conditions on the frame support wheels are obtained considering the static conditions, as well as the change of the direction of travel. The least favourable load observed was used, later on, as the input value for the strength analysis of the frame. The analysis was performed using the finite element method (FEM) in SolidWorks. Based on the linear and nonlinear analyses performed, the course of stress on the frame arms and critical points with the highest stress concentration were determined. Subsequently, according to the results obtained, a new design for the current frame was proposed and, thereby, warrants greater rigidity, stability and strength to the entire structure, while reducing its weight and maximizing the potential of the selected material. The benefit of the current contribution lies in the optimization of the current frame shape, in terms of the position of weld joints, the location of the reinforcements and the thickness of the material used.
Highlights
The reduction in the number of road accidents and, in particular, their serious consequences is one of the European Union’s key objectives for improving road safety, as set out in the EU Road Safety Policy Framework 2021–2030 document—Recommendations on Steps Towards “Vision Zero”
We identify two ways to achieve this vision: either by improving the drivers’ skills of car control or by improving road safety and cars’ autonomy to utilize artificial intelligence (AI)
The calculation of the maximum permissible σDOV in the structure was drawn out according to the relation (1): R p 0.2 Rm σDOV = τ·min where σDOV is the permissible mechanical stress (MPa), nT is the coefficient of safety to yield stress (-), φ is the coefficient of the weld joint, Rp 0.2 (MPa) is the contractual yield stress, Rm is the breaking strength (MPa), and nb is the coefficient of safety to breaking strength (-)
Summary
The reduction in the number of road accidents and, in particular, their serious consequences is one of the European Union’s key objectives for improving road safety, as set out in the EU Road Safety Policy Framework 2021–2030 document—Recommendations on Steps Towards “Vision Zero”. It is necessary to develop new or to improve existing car control systems [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], with the help of both existing data, and the theories and tools at our disposal, and proceed with the verification and validation of results compared to those obtained experimentally in laboratory conditions. This applied approach results in a rapid development while maintaining financial efficiency, unlike in cases in which fundamental research requires substantial financial resources. This includes testing cars on skid surfaces [9,10,11]
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