Abstract
Effective maintenance of ancient buildings is paid more and more attention worldwide. Many ancient buildings with high inheritance value were gradually destroyed, especially for murals in the open tombs. The bioaerosol particles (BPs) are the major source of contamination in murals and visitor walking could increase this hazard. In order to study the impact of visitors walking on the air flow and the distribution of BPs in the typical tomb chambers, the k-ε and Lagrangian discrete phase model were adopted. The walking visitor was described by the dynamic mesh, and the concentration of BPs in the simulation was verified by experimental sampling. The distribution and migration mechanism of contamination in the chamber were dynamically analyzed. The results indicate that the denser vortex generated when a visitor was walking, and the concentration of BPs changed obviously. Therefore, the number of BPs deposited on some precious murals increased and the contamination location shifted in the direction of visitor walking. In addition, the deposition time of BPs was lagging which would cause potential risk. This research can provide scientific basis for reducing murals contamination during visitor visiting and a reference for the maintenance of ancient buildings.
Highlights
As a vivid art form, mural display the painting style and characteristics of various historical periods, and has profound historical and cultural value
A large number of Buddhist art murals have been preserved inside the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, a world cultural heritage site [1]
The air contains a lot of bioaerosol particles (BPs), which would pose a serious threat to the murals [3]
Summary
As a vivid art form, mural display the painting style and characteristics of various historical periods, and has profound historical and cultural value. A large number of Buddhist art murals have been preserved inside the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, a world cultural heritage site [1]. The open cultural sites can allow visitors to learn about history up close, increase cultural confidence, and local tourism revenue [2]. The research of Sterflinger et al [4] showed that rare cultural relics such as murals and stone carvings in chambers were difficult to be repaired once destroyed by BPs. In recent years, the influence of BPs on open tomb chambers cultural sites has become a hot issue in the field of cultural relic protection
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