Abstract
The determination on how antineoplastic agents interfere on the progression of periodontitis is critical for improvement and even development of novel therapeutic approaches for periodontal management. This study evaluated the influence of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CIS) on healthy periodontal tissues and on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP). One hundred forty-four male rats were divided into six groups (n = 24). Each group was treated with physiological saline solution (PSS) 0.9%, 5-FU, or CIS. Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced by ligature placement. Animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30days after treatment. Data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). The groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS showed lower percentage of bone volume in the furcation region and higher percentage of alveolar bone loss, higher number of TRAP-positive cells, and lower number of PCNA-positive cells when compared group with EP and treated with PSS (p ≤ 0.05). Groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS showed high immunolabelling pattern of RANKL, TNF-α, and IL-1β, moderate of BAX, and low of HIF-1α. Histological analysis showed severe tissue breakdown in the groups with EP and treated with 5-FU or CIS. Chemotherapy with antineoplastic agents 5-FU and CIS increased the intensity and duration of the inflammation and compromised tissue repair by reduction in cellular and vascular turnover. The more severe periodontal breakdown was caused by 5-FU.
Highlights
Periodontitis is the consequence of the hosts’ immunoinflammatory response to periodontopathogens, and its’ progression can be modified by local and systemic factors [1]
The determination on how antineoplastic agents interfere on the progression of periodontitis is critical for improvement and even development of novel therapeutic approaches for periodontal management
This study evaluated the influence of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CIS) on healthy periodontal tissues and on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP)
Summary
Periodontitis is the consequence of the hosts’ immunoinflammatory response to periodontopathogens, and its’ progression can be modified by local and systemic factors [1]. Drugs interacting with hosts’ response to threads may have an impact on the progression of periodontitis [3, 4]. Antineoplastic agents used for the treatment of cancer aroused interest in periodontics due to their tangible influence on the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Most of these agents display cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, aiming apoptosis or prevention of rapid proliferation of cancer cells [5, 6]. Their lack of specificity affects cancer cells, and cells with high mitotic rates [6], such as oral cavity ones [7]
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