Abstract
The influence of the temperature on the nucleation of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in Tm 3+/Yb 3+ codoped PbO–GeO 2 glasses was studied in this work. The infrared-to-visible frequency upconversion (UC) luminescence of Tm 3+ ions was used to probe the NPs nucleation and the results were correlated with the increase of the heat-treatment temperature. Emission spectra in the blue–red region were measured by exciting the samples with a cw 980 nm diode laser in resonance with the Yb 3+ transition ( 2F 7/2 → 2F 5/2). The results were correlated with transmission electron microscopy measurements and revealed the different behavior of the nucleation process as a function of temperature. The enhanced UC emission in the visible region is attributed to the increased local field in the proximity of the silver NPs combined with the Yb 3+ → Tm 3+ energy transfer.
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