Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles, especially fluorides, have received a great deal of interest due to their optical properties, making them suitable for applications in bio-imaging. For this reason they need to exhibit a superior chemical stability in aqueous media. We have studied the influence of the synthesis parameters on the chemical stability of NaYF(4) nanoparticles co-doped with Yb(3+) and Tm(3+). These nanoparticles have different crystal structures, and were synthesized hydrothermally or with thermal decomposition. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The up-conversion fluorescence of nanoparticles dispersed in water was measured at 400-900 nm. The partial dissolution of the fluorine in water was detected with an ion-selective electrode for all the samples. The dissolution of the other constituent ions was analysed with an optical emission spectrometer using inductively coupled plasma. The nanoparticles with a hexagonal crystal structure and sizes of around 20 nm that were synthesized with thermal decomposition showed a superior chemical stability in water together with a superior up-conversion fluorescence yield.
Highlights
Recent progress in science has resulted in the greater availability of enhanced, sensitive techniques, in particular, advanced techniques for fluorescence imaging.[1]
We have studied the influence of the synthesis parameters on the chemical stability of NaYF4 nanoparticles co-doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+
The nanoparticles with a hexagonal crystal structure and sizes of around 20 nm that were synthesized with thermal decomposition showed a superior chemical stability in water together with a superior up-conversion fluorescence yield
Summary
Recent progress in science has resulted in the greater availability of enhanced, sensitive techniques, in particular, advanced techniques for fluorescence imaging.[1]. NIR light penetration into the biological tissue, causing less photo damage to biological samples, and improved detection sensitivity owing to the absence of auto-fluorescence.[4,5,6,7,8,9] RE-doped UCNPs have demonstrated great potential in many fields of biomedical science for bio-detection, bio-imaging, multiplexed analysis or therapy.[10,11,12,13]. Fluorides such as NaYF4 have attracted considerable attention as a suitable host matrix. Due to the limited toxicological data available for fluoride UCNPs, the aim of this work was to synthesize NaYF4:20%Yb3+,2%Tm3+ UCNPs and to analyse their chemical stability in aqueous media and to correlate this with the UC emission properties
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