Influence of the sowing method and seeding rate on the formation of agrocenosis and seed yield of awnless brome

Abstract

The development of science-based technologies of cultivation makes it possible to reveal the productive potential of new varieties of perennial grasses. In 2021-2022 in the conditions of the Penza region, there were studied the seeding rates and methods of sowing of a new variety of awnless brome Udalets when cultivated for seed. According to the hydrothermalcoefficient, the growing season of 2021 was characterized as dry (HTC = 0.8), 2022 – as normal in terms of moisture supply (HTC = 1.0). The best indicators of the development of brome plants (mass of plants and roots) by the end of the first year of life were obtained using a wide-row sowing method with row spacing of 30 cm at a seeding rate of 5.0 million viable seeds per 1 ha. In terms of the yield of green mass and the collection of dry matter from 1 m2 in the first year of life, the wide-row sowing method with a row spacing of 30 cm had an advantage. During the year of awnless brome grass use the best indicators of seed yield were obtained by wide-row sowing method with row spacing of 30 cm at a seeding rate of 5.0 million viable seeds per 1 ha. At the same time, the number of productive stems was 106 pcs/m2, the length of the inflorescence was 19.0 cm, the number of spikelets in the inflorescence was 182 pcs., the weight of seeds from a productive shoot was 0.78 g, the weight of 1000 seeds was 4.26 g, which was 8.2; 8.0; 11.0; 13.0; 0.9 %, respectively, higher than the control variant with a row sowing method with row spacing of 15 cm at a seeding rate of 6.0 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The highest seed yield of awnless brome in the first year of use was formed with a wide-row sowing method with row spacing of 30 cm at a seeding rate of 5.0 million viable seeds per 1 ha (824 kg/ha), the increase over the control was 146 kg/ha, or 21.5 %. By a row method of sowing with row spacing of 15 cm, a high yield was obtained in the control variant (6 million viable seeds/ha) – 678 kg/ha. With a seeding rate of 5.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, the seed yield decreased by 7.6 %.