Abstract

Introduction:To evaluate the influence of the socio-economic context on self-reported gingival bleeding (SRGB) in individuals of ethnic minority groups (IEG).Methods:Data from the 2007 National Public Health Survey in Colombia were collected. A multiple-stage stratified sampling was used. Data from 34.843 subjects were collected through interviews. The influence of socio-economic factors on SRGB in IEG was investigated with logistic and multilevel regression analyses.Results:Out of 34.843 subjects studied, a total of 6.440 individuals were members of ethnic minority groups. SRGB was observed in approximately 5% of IEG. There was a significant difference between IEG and subjects of the rest of the sample (28.403 subjects) regarding SRGB, elementary and high school education, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) and Unmet Basic Needs Index (UBNI) disfavouring IEG (P<0.05). The logistic model showed that SRGB was associated with IEG (P<0.001). This association persisted after controlling for confounders. A total of 33 Colombian states (level 2) and 6.440 members (level 1) of ethnic minority groups were included in the multilevel analisys; this model showed that the variance on SRGB was statistically significant at level 1 and 2. However, the variation at IEG level (35%) was smaller than the variation between states (65%) in the multilevel multivariate model.Conclusions:SRGB was higher in IEG. Also, GDP, HDI and UBNI were unfavourable factors in the members of ethnic minority groups. Considering these detriment factors and the higher variation between states, this study suggests that socio-economic context affects significantly SRGB in IEG.

Highlights

  • To evaluate the influence of the socio-economic context on self-reported gingival bleeding (SRGB) in individuals of ethnic minority groups (IEG)

  • There was a significant difference between IEG and subjects of the rest of the sample (28.403 subjects) regarding SRGB, elementary and high school education, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) and Unmet Basic Needs Index (UBNI) disfavouring IEG (P

  • The logistic model showed that SRGB was associated with IEG (P

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Summary

Introduction

To evaluate the influence of the socio-economic context on self-reported gingival bleeding (SRGB) in individuals of ethnic minority groups (IEG). Gingival bleeding appears together with other expressions of periodontal diseases like gingival swelling, gingival recession, and tooth mobility (Armitage, 1999). The blood from gingival bleeding may be noticed on the affected person’s breath and is observed frequently during tooth brushing, becoming a complaint among patients with gingivitis and periodontitis (Azodo et al, 2011). Gingival bleeding is the most predominant sign of periodontitis around the world, being a relevant oral disease providing to the worldwide assessment of chronic sickness, representing a significant public health problem (Petersen & Ogawa, 2012). Researchers have contemplated self-reported gingival bleeding (SRGB) a valuable manner for examination the gingival health of people in clinical and oral health promotion in order to improve periodontal health. Several studies showed that self-reported periodontal diseases were corroborated by clinical evaluation (Airila-Månsson et al, 2007; Azodo et al, 2011), as pointed out www.ccsenet.org/gjhs

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