Abstract
The way in which slag density influences the slag splashing phenomenon in an oxygen steelmaking converter is numerically analyzed in this work. Several values of the density of the slag are considered, and their effect on the global mass balance and slag average volume fraction on the sidewalls of the converter is studied using isothermal, two-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics simulations. Diameter of the slag drops is determined from the slag density and the impact velocity of the nitrogen jet. Besides, the effect of the nitrogen jet Mach number on the slag splashing is simulated and discussed. A qualitative comparison between the computer simulations and results from the literature is made.
Highlights
It is known that the wear of refractory lining in an oxygen steelmaking converter for raw steel manufacturing is a factor which greatly influences the production costs
Molten slag freezes at the converter walls and forms a protective coating that prevents the wear of the refractory lining
During the slag splashing process three main stages have been identified in the formation of the slag protective coating: transport of molten slag to the converter walls, adherence of the molten slag to the sidewalls, and freezing and hardening of the slag layer [3]
Summary
It is known that the wear of refractory lining in an oxygen steelmaking converter for raw steel manufacturing is a factor which greatly influences the production costs. Several experimental studies on the slag splashing phenomenon have been reported In these studies, physical scale models of the converter are employed, and cold water and air replace molten slag and nitrogen, respectively [4, 6, 7]. Some numerical studies of gaseous jets impinging on a liquid surface are reported using computational fluid dynamics simulations [8,9,10]. Two studies [11, 12] by some of the authors of the present work were reported on the simulation of the slag splashing phenomenon using computational fluid dynamics, considering the dimensions of actual industrial converters and the influence of properties of molten slag. A qualitative comparison between the computational fluid dynamics simulations and results from the literature is made
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