Abstract
This study evaluated the nutrient content of the litter, testing different treatments with burning and no burning, of the vegetation, to identify which one provides better efficiency in operation and production of nutrients in different seasonal conditions. The study area is located on the property of the family farmer, initially selected by a diagnosis socioeconomic, community Benjamin Constant, in northeastern Para. Litter was collected during two periods: dry season (November) and rainy (March) in 2009. For the collection of litter samples, we used collectors measuring (0.25 × 0.25 m2), which were placed directly on the soil surface. The collected material was stored in paper bags and taken to the laboratory for Chemical Analysis of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), which was determined by analyses of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn). The highest concentrations of macronutrients were found in N for agroforestry systems with and without burning in two seasons (wet and dry). All macronutrients showed influence of seasonality, which was verified by the wide variation in nutritional behavior. The decreasing concentration of nutrients was presented N > Ca > Mg > Na > K > P in agroforestry system with burning, with maximum values of all nutrients in the rainy season, and N, P, K, Ca, Na in higher concentrations in agroforestry system without burning, and showed only the Mg peak in agroforestry system with burning. The behavior of the concentration of nutrients was opposite to that observed one, for all elements analyzed showed a reduction in the concentrations of nutrients in the dry season. The decreasing concentration of nutrients was presented Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu.
Highlights
Several studies have been applied in Brazil and in the world objecting the contribution to a better knowledge about the nutrients cycle and the forestry ecosystems dynamic, and even in homogeneous plantations of forestry and agricultural specimens [5] longing to determine the patterns of every vegetable typology and present for this process the differences between them, to create the possibility of a better understanding of the environment mechanism and answers to the anthropic modifications applied in it, and the study of litter production has contributed to a better understanding of the vegetation and soil function in these systems
Considering the two systems, the nutrient concentration was observed in decreasing order: N > Ca > Mg > Na > K > P, all with maximum values during the rainy season, with the exception of Mg with the highest concentration in the dry season
There were significant differences in nitrogen and phosphorus (Figures 2(a) and (b)) between treatments with and without burning during the dry and rainy, with highest value observed in the rainy season agroforestry systems agroforestry systems and agroforestry systems with burning, 18.95 g·Kg−1 and 0.35 g·Kg−1, respectively
Summary
The use of agroforestry systems has been considered as an optimization alternative to the use of land, because it conceals the forestry production with the aliments, conserving the soil, decreasing the impact caused by agricultural practices and favoring the cycle of nutrients through a higher contribution of litter. Several studies have been applied in Brazil and in the world objecting the contribution to a better knowledge about the nutrients cycle and the forestry ecosystems dynamic, and even in homogeneous plantations of forestry and agricultural specimens [5] longing to determine the patterns of every vegetable typology and present for this process the differences between them, to create the possibility of a better understanding of the environment mechanism and answers to the anthropic modifications applied in it, and the study of litter production has contributed to a better understanding of the vegetation and soil function in these systems. The highest quantity of litter accumulated in eucalypt plantations (16.6 t·ha−1) shows that the high contribution of timber (branches) to the produced litter may be increasing the mean residue decomposition in soil This fact was probably influenced by the higher N contribution through leguminous litter, increasing the decomposition rate of existing waste on the soil from both legumes and eucalyptus. Aiming to answer the questions about what types of land use systems have better functioning of soil and nutrient production, when submitted to different types of slashing and burning vegetation treatments associated to climate seasonality, this research has an objective to evaluate the nutrients content dynamic in different forestry and agroforestry systems in the city of Bragança, State of Pará
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