Abstract
The results of studies on the influence of the planting scheme and the mass of the planting tuber on the yield and quality of the artichoke fodder mass are presented. The field experiment was carried out in 2018–2019 at the educational and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Technical University. Research results show that planting artichoke according to the scheme 70 x 30 cm is optimal for obtaining the highest yield of dry matter – 4.09 t / ha, which is 0.62–0.65 t / ha higher than when using more rare schemes. This is due to an increase in the number of seedlings and a greater density of standing of plants before harvesting. Planting according to the 70x30 cm scheme was 3.9 pcs / m 2 . This is 0.7–1.4 pcs / m 2 more than planting 70x40 and 70 x 50 cm. The mass of the planting tuber does not affect the yield of green mass and dry matter of the crop. A higher net productivity of photosynthesis of crops is noted from the germination phase to the budding phase when planting 70 x 30 cm – 3.50 g / m 2 day. This is 0.26–0.31 3.50 g / m 2 day more than at more rare landing patterns. By the budding phase with this planting scheme, the plants reach the highest height – 138 cm. The growth of artichoke plants lasts until the flowering phase, during which the plant height reaches its maximum - 151-155 cm. The accumulation of vitamin C in the artichoke tubers does not depend on the planting scheme and weight planting tuber. The content of carotene in terms of the greater foliage of plants when planting 70 x 30 cm was 6.1 mg / kg, and when using tubers weighing 20– 40 and 41–60 g - 5.2–6.0 mg / kg.
Highlights
Cm is optimal for obtaining the highest yield of dry matter – 4.09 t / ha, which is 0.62–0.65 t / ha higher than when using more rare schemes
The mass of the planting tuber does not affect the yield of green mass and dry matter of the crop
A higher net productivity of photosynthesis of crops is noted from the germination phase to the budding phase when planting 70 x 30 cm – 3.50 g / m2 day
Summary
Для проведения исследований в 2018– 2019 гг. на базе учебно-научного опытного поля Пермского ГАТУ закладывали двухфакторный опыт по схеме: фактор А – схема посадки: А1–70 х 30 см, А2–70 х 40 см, А3–70 х 50 см; фактор В – масса посадочного клубня: В1–20–40 г, В2–41–60 г, В3–61–80 г. Общая площадь делянки – 30 м 2, учетная. Агротехника включала в себя дискование почвы БДМ-2,4 на глубину 10–12 см после уборки предшественника, последующую зяблевую вспашку плугом ПЛН-4–35, ранневесеннее боронование зубовой бороной БЗТС1,0, культивацию с боронованием на глубину 10–12 см культиватором КПС-4, нарезку гребней культиватором КОН-2,8. Посадку клубней проводили вручную на глубину 5–6 см согласно изучаемым схемам. Уход за посадками включал в себя проведение трехкратной междурядной обработки культиватором КОН-2,8 до всходов, при появлении всходов и при высоте растений 20 см. Уборку зеленой массы проводили перед уборкой клубней поделяночно триммером Husqvarna 128R в 2018 г. А. Доспехова [20], сопутствующие наблюдения и исследования проведены по общепринятым методикам и ГОСТам
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