Abstract
Lahars represent natural phenomena that can generate severe damage in densely populated urban areas. The evaluation of pressures generated by these mass flows on constructions (buildings, infrastructure…) is crucial for civil protection and assessment of physical vulnerability. The existing tools to model the spread of flows at large scale in densely populated urban areas remain inaccurate in the estimation of mechanical efforts. A discrete numerical model is developed for evaluating debris flow (DF) impact pressures at the local scale of one structure. The large-sized solid particles are modelled explicitly using Distinct Element Method (DEM) and the fine-grained solid particles are integrated in a fluid phase which generates two effects on the movement of particles, i.e. buoyancy and drag. Fluid velocity field and the fluid free surface are obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code then imported in the DEM simulation in a one way coupling scheme. In this paper, the influence of particle shape on the impact forces generated on the obstacle is investigated: spherical particles and polygonal rigid blocks (r-blocks) are considered. The shape of the particle influences the contact surface and therefore the impact pressure. With an angular shape and several facets like r-blocks, the impact pressure on an obstacle is more important for a flow with the same characteristics.
Highlights
Lahars present a mixture of sediments and water originating from volcanoes
Lahars change from hyperconcentrated flows (HCFs) to debris flow (DF) at solid concentration exceeding 50% by volume ([1,2])
The numerical model presented is able to reproduce a simplified description of the DFs phenomena
Summary
Lahars present a mixture of sediments and water originating from volcanoes. DFs are mixture of debris and water with sediment concentration at least 50 vol% and with a density between 1800 and 2300 kg/m3. HCFs are two phase flows with a sediment concentration between 20% and 50 vol% and a density between 1300 and 1800 kg/m3. As a result of global warming, mudslides and flash floods (lahars) are increasingly frequent and expose urbanized areas to a significant risk. For this reason, we are studying the city of Arequipa (Peru) which regularly suffers this type of phenomenon since it is located at 17 km from the summit of the volcano El Misti. It is necessary to map the risk through vulnerability quantification
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