Abstract
The growing production of wood-based panels and the linked consumption result in a need for substituting standard wooden raw materials. The shortage of wood availability, as well as the increasing prices and a trend towards more environmentally friendly materials and processes, have encouraged the producers of wood-based products to consider extending the life cycle of wood composites. In the present work, the influence of substituting pine with spruce for industrial high-density fiberboards with 5% of recovered fibers was studied. Samples containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% spruce fibers were tested in their mechanical resistance and their interaction with water. Boards from all samples met relevant standard requirements; however, the addition of spruce caused a decrease in mechanical properties, with homogeneity having the most significant influence. The modulus of rupture dropped up to 6% and the internal bond for 47% for samples having 50% of spruce. The most significant drop (50%) was observed for surface soundness for samples made with 100% spruce. Regarding physical properties, swelling increased up to 19% with 50% spruce; on the other hand, its water absorption decreased for up to 12%. The addition of spruce to industrial high-density fiberboards also influenced the formaldehyde content negatively, with an increase of up to 21% with 50% spruce.Graphic
Highlights
Wood, as a natural origin raw material, wholly ecological and renewable, becomes more popular in structural applications or to furniture production and interior furnishing, and as a fuel
The results have shown the competitiveness of spruce wood, as a suitable raw material to substitute pine wood for the production of industrial high-density fiberboards (HDF)
water absorption (WA) of this sample was the highest compared to other examined HDF boards for top and bottom surface, respectively 198 g m−2 and 183 g m −2, which was 36% and 18% higher compared with P3
Summary
As a natural origin raw material, wholly ecological and renewable, becomes more popular in structural applications or to furniture production and interior furnishing, and as a fuel. Based on a report by State Forests, the difference in the price of one m 3 of pine and spruce wood varied from − 1.9 in January and August 2019 to 2.4 $ m−3 in October 2019 This increase in the price of raw wooden materials used for the production of MDF has motivated the inclusion of post-use boards into the production lines. The performance of the surface was studied through surface water absorption, thickness swelling, free formaldehyde emissions, and surface roughness The goal of this investigation was to determine the influence of the different amounts of spruce wood added as a raw material for producing high-density fiberboards made in industrial conditions on several fundamental mechanical and physical properties of panels as required by the appropriate standards. Density was determined according to EN 323 [11], vertical density profiles of the produced HDF boards were analyzed on a GreCon DAX 5000 device following a procedure described previously [12]
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