Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the influence of acid erosion caused by the daily intake of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar, associated with immediate dental whitening, on bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: 30 bovine teeth were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks and were distributed into three groups (n = 10): G1- Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide; G2- Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide + lemon juice and G3 - Tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide + apple cider vinegar. Treatments were performed for 21 days, the varnish was removed and the analysis of loss of structure and surface roughness were performed by means of non-contact 3D Confocal Chromatic Profilometer. The roughness data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Results: All groups exhibited greater roughness (Sa) on the side exposed to the treatments (G1 = 3.17b; G2 = 4.17b; G3 = 3.99b) compared to the unexposed side (G1 = 2.55a; G2 = 3.94a; G3 = 2.40a). There was a statistically significant difference among the groups evaluated, being G1 (3.17A) <G3 (3.99C) <G2 (4.17B). Conclusion: 35% hydrogen peroxide has the least erosive potential when compared to its association with vinegar and to lemon juice.
Highlights
Bleaching is considered a conservative treatment, tooth surface microhardness may present changes with the application of bleaching agents due to substance loss, causing a deleterious effect on tooth enamel topography (Dey et al, 2016; Liporoni et al, 2020)
The quantitative assessment of the surface roughness obtained with the profilometer allowed obtaining the degree of topographic change caused by immediate bleaching and its association with apple vinegar and lime juice
Smaller changes were observed in the surface roughness of the group that received only immediate bleaching
Summary
Bleaching is considered a conservative treatment, tooth surface microhardness may present changes with the application of bleaching agents due to substance loss, causing a deleterious effect on tooth enamel topography (Dey et al, 2016; Liporoni et al, 2020). In terms of enamel thickness, it may be said that the harmful effects are directly proportional to the concentration of the bleaching agent (Dey et al, 2016). Some foods consumed in these diets may somehow interfere with tooth structure due to their low pH values (Xing & Xuedong, 2020). It may be mentioned, for instance, the intake of apple vinegar or lime juice during fasting, which many people have been doing lately. There has been an increased prevalence of erosive lesions in enamel and dentin due to changes in nutritional parameters associated with behavioral and environmental habits (Dey et al, 2016; Zohoori & Duckworth, 2020)
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