Abstract
After radionuclide pollution of soils by nuclear power plant accidents, Cs+ strongly interacts with swelling clay minerals, which in turn controls the fixation or the migration of this pollutant in the natural media. Little is known, however, about the role played by the amount of layer charge and the two-dimensional confinement on Cs+ fixation. In this study a series of tetrahedrally charged smectites with structural formula inter[M+x]oct[Mg6]tet[Si8–xAlx]O20(OH)4 and with a layer charge (x) varying from 0.8 to 2.0 and with Na+ or Cs+ as interlayer cation M+ were used. While Na+ remains fully exchangeable over the entire range of layer charges investigated, the fraction of exchangeable Cs+ decreased gradually for samples with x ≥ 1.4/O20(OH)4. Structure analysis of Cs+-samples in water-saturated or at 80% relative humidity conditions showed a gradual decrease of the layer-to-layer distance. The results were found to qualitatively agree with analysis of the thermodynamics of the clay/water interfaces deri...
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