Abstract
The influence of temperature on the transdermal permeation enhancing mechanism of borneol (BO) was investigated using a multi-scale method, containing a coarse-grained molecular dynamic (CG-MD) simulation, an in vitro permeation experiment, and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) study. The results showed that BO has the potential to be used as a transdermal penetration enhancer to help osthole (OST) penetrate into the bilayer. With the increasing temperature, the stratum corneum (SC) becomes more flexible, proving to be synergistic with the permeation enhancement of BO, and the lag time (TLag) of BO and OST are shortened. However, when the temperature increased too much, with the effect of BO, the structure of SC was destroyed; for example, a water pore was formed and the micelle reversed. Though there were a number of drugs coming into the SC, the normal bilayer structure was absent. In addition, through comparing the simulation, in vitro experiment, and TEM study, we concluded that the computer simulation provided some visually detailed information, and the method plays an important role in related studies of permeation.
Highlights
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), some of the most common drug administration routes, have attracted a lot of attention due to their non-invasive characteristics, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, ease of dose control and absorption, and better patient compliance [1]
The following were conducted in sequence: First, influenced by increasing temperature, the stratum corneum (SC) lipid bilayer changes, an initial focus on the effect of different temperatures on SC is needed; because both the penetration of the drug and SC structure are influenced by various temperatures, an examination of the effects of temperature on the interaction between BO or OST and SC was conducted; the permeation-enhancing effect of BO on OST at various temperatures was investigated to
Temperature is a critical factor in transdermal penetration of drugs
Summary
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), some of the most common drug administration routes, have attracted a lot of attention due to their non-invasive characteristics, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, ease of dose control and absorption, and better patient compliance [1]. An in vitro permeation experiment was conducted using vertical Franz diffusion cells with the rat skin as the SC mode, and the changes of SC were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) in order to investigate the influence of temperature on the permeation enhancement of BO to OST on a large scale. With this multi-scale study, the permeation enhancing mechanism of borneol could be probed at different temperatures, with the potential to provide guidance for clinical applications
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
