Abstract
BackgroundTsetse flies occur in much of sub-Saharan Africa where they are vectors of trypanosomes that cause human and animal African trypanosomosis. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently used to eliminate tsetse fly populations in an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) context in Senegal and Ethiopia. Three Glossina palpalis gambiensis strains [originating from Burkina Faso (BKF), Senegal (SEN) and an introgressed strain (SENbkf)] were established and are now available for use in future AW-IPM programmes against trypanosomes in West Africa. For each strain, knowledge of the environmental survival thresholds is essential to determine which of these strains is best suited to a particular environment or ecosystem, and can therefore be used effectively in SIT programmes.MethodsIn this paper, we investigated the survival and fecundity of three G. p. gambiensis strains maintained under various conditions: 25 °C and 40, 50, 60, and 75 % relative humidity (rH), 30 °C and 60 % rH and 35 °C and 60 % rH.ResultsThe survival of the three strains was dependent on temperature only, and it was unaffected by changing humidity within the tested range. The BKF strain survived temperatures above its optimum better than the SEN strain. The SENbkf showed intermediate resistance to high temperatures. A temperature of about 32 °C was the limit for survival for all strains. A rH ranging from 40 to 76 % had no effect on fecundity at 25–26 °C.ConclusionsWe discuss the implications of these results on tsetse SIT-based control programmes.
Highlights
Tsetse flies occur in much of sub-Saharan Africa where they are vectors of trypanosomes that cause human and animal African trypanosomosis
Previous work carried out in Mali and Senegal showed that the Burkina Faso (BKF) strain of G. p. gambiensis competes with G. p. gambiensis populations from other countries [19, 25, 26], indicating the potential of the BKF strain to be used in eradication strategies of isolated populations of this species in selected areas of West Africa such as the Niayes in Senegal [10, 27]
The fly material of the BKF and SEN strains was derived from colonies maintained at the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) of the Joint FAO/ IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria and the Introgressed strain (SENbkf) flies were derived from a colony developed at the IPCL and maintained at the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Bratislava, Slovakia
Summary
Tsetse flies occur in much of sub-Saharan Africa where they are vectors of trypanosomes that cause human and animal African trypanosomosis. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently used to eliminate tsetse fly populations in an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) context in Senegal and Ethiopia. Three Glossina palpalis gambiensis strains [originating from Burkina Faso (BKF), Senegal (SEN) and an introgressed strain (SENbkf)] were established and are available for use in future AW-IPM programmes against trypanosomes in West Africa. The use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) within an area-wide integrated pests. Gambiensis populations from other countries [19, 25, 26], indicating the potential of the BKF strain to be used in eradication strategies of isolated populations of this species in selected areas of West Africa such as the Niayes in Senegal [10, 27] Previous work carried out in Mali and Senegal showed that the Burkina Faso (BKF) strain of G. p. gambiensis competes with G. p. gambiensis populations from other countries [19, 25, 26], indicating the potential of the BKF strain to be used in eradication strategies of isolated populations of this species in selected areas of West Africa such as the Niayes in Senegal [10, 27]
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