Abstract
We evaluated the influence of the etching time and temperature of an acid solution (HCl/H2SO4) on the chemical and topographical superficial characteristics of cpTi grade IV. Samples were analyzed by electron microscopy, interferometry, and grazing incidence XRD. The surfaces kept the irregularity aspect when submitted to the same etching temperature. On the other hand, the irregularities increased in size and depth with increasing etching time. The etching treatments that produced higher values for roughness parameters showed a combination of high temperature for a longer etching time. Some treatments produced very large irregularities, with a brittle surface in some regions. According to statistical correlation, the temperature made the strongest contribution in the variance of the mean values of the surface roughness parameters when compared to the etching time. Titanium and oxygen were the only elements on the surface in all groups. All test group samples showed the presence of titanium hydride.
Highlights
For more than 30 years surface structure has been identified as one of six factors important for implant incorporation in bone[1]
The results of the correlation and regression analyses showed that the temperature makes the strongest contribution in the variance of the mean values of the surface roughness parameters when compared to the etching time
The irregularities increased in size and depth with increasing etching time
Summary
For more than 30 years surface structure has been identified as one of six factors important for implant incorporation in bone[1]. An increasing number of surface modification techniques have been introduced, and the etching of titanium by acids is one of them. Acid etching is a subtractive method, wherein pits are created in the titanium surface[4]. The technique is of particular interest because it creates a microtextured surface (fine rough surface with micro pits of 1-3 μm and larger pits of approximately 6-10 μm) that appears to enhance early endosseous integration and stability of the implant[5]. The method may have advantages compared with some other methods of roughening such as grit blasting, plasma spraying, and beads. As the process does not stress the adjacent material, there is no risk of flaking or delamination, leaving particles of grit[6,7,8]
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