Influence of technology without tillage on indicators of soil fertility in arid conditions of the South of Russia

Abstract

Winter wheat is the main crop in the Stavropol Territory. Today, the grain crops cover an area of more than 1.9 million hectares. However, the cost of grain production is constantly growing. This leads to a decrease in the profitability of its cultivation. Agricultural field cultivation enterprises are moving from traditional to more resource-saving technologies - technology without tillage. This technology involves growing crops without tillage. In the Stavropol Territory and its arid zone, the technology has not been sufficiently studied for its widespread introduction into production. In this regard, the cultivation of winter wheat using new technology is of scientific and practical interest to research its influence on the germination of fields and the productivity of the main cash crop. Therefore, special attention is paid to the influence of No-till on the agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of dark chestnut soils and crop rotation links in an arid climate. Research was conducted on the territory of the Agrokhleboprodukt Company, located within the borders of the Stavropol Territory. Sowing winter wheat is carried out using John Deere 1890, which allows sowing crops with the simultaneous supply of seed fertilizer. Agrochemical monitoring of the soil was carried out on the basis of the Stavropol Agrochemical Center. Monitoring of meteorological parameters was stationary in the field. Thus, the use of the No-till technology for 2017-2019 ensured the formation of winter wheat productivity in the range of 40.7-49.8 kg/ha. In order to stabilize the productivity of winter wheat attention should be paid to the dynamics of changes in agrochemical parameters: the content of humus and macronutrients in the soil. Regression analysis showed a close relationship between productivity and these values. The use of such precursors as chickpeas and sunflowers in grain rotations contributes to the softening and improvement of the agrophysical properties of dark chestnut soils.