Influence of surfactant on foam generation and stabilization in cement slurry

Abstract

Modern civil engineering and industrial buildings use foamed cement because of its low heat conductivity and light weight.Despite their high performance, foamed cement products manufactured solely from cement might be prohibitively expensive for commercial entities. Thus, chemically foaming cement is important. This paper compiles and reviewsthe foamed cement preparation, mostly used physical and chemical foaming processes. Physical foaming creates foamed cement by mixing foam into a slurry. Physical foaming methods are inefficient and energy-intensive. Chemical foaming involves adding a foaming ingredient to cement slurry. Foaming agents like surfactants react to create bubbles that expand the slurry. Surfactants in the liquid solution promote a bubble by spontaneously cicatrizing holes caused by external perturbations. These chemicals stabilize foams and bubbles for minutes to hours. Oil and gas well cementing uses Self-generated nitrogen foam cement (SNFC) with a high-efficiency foam stabilizer. Three surfactants produced cement pastes with and without MWCNT. A viscosity-modifying agent (VMA) in an aqueous cement paste dispersion can change its rheology. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and CaCl2 increase nanosilica (NS) fluidity for pumping cement-based grout. FSCGM is used for coal mine infill grouting. Foamed sulfoaluminate cement-based grouting material (FSCGM) makes firefighting CO2 foam. Cement-hollow glass microballoon syntactic foams have greater compressive strength than neat cement at equal densities. Polydentatephosphonate-modified polymers and ester-type polycarboxylate superplasticizers create many cement mortar bubbles (PCE-1). Calcium ions stabilize polymer bubbles. Aqueous epoxy resin is added to cement slurries to reduce plastic viscosity and boost heat conductivity to make high-porosity cement foams (HPCF). Foamed cement bubble stability is highest at particle wetting angle π/2. SDS in silica suspension adjusts this angle. Ti-extraction blast furnace slag (TEBFS) foam with 20–40% sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) makes foamed cement.