Abstract
The surface tension plays an important role in the distribution and evolution of molten pool morphology during laser melting. In this paper, based on the theory of Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH), a mathematical model of surface tension on the molten pool morphology is established with the temperature change of molten pool being taken into account. The longitudinal morphology of molten pool and its formation process are simulated by using the SPH method under certain processing parameters, and the distributions of length and depth of molten pool are thoroughly analyzed at various processing parameters. The result shows that the longitudinal morphology of molten pool varying along the longitudinal section of solidified track presents a curve due to the influence of surface tension. A strong influence of Marangoni force on the flow of liquid metal and transformation of heat is also found. Moreover, the longitudinal morphology of a molten pool looks like that of a wave in the simulation; the deformation distributions of the longitudinal morphology of molten pool will increase with increasing laser power or decreasing scanning speed. The longitudinal morphologies of solidified molten pool are observed in the current experiments, and the experimental results are found to be agreed well with the calculated ones.
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