Influence of support porosity and Pt content of Pt/carbon aerogel catalysts on metal dispersion and formation of self-assembled Pt–carbon hybrid nanostructures

Abstract

Three carbon aerogels with different meso–macropore networks were used as supports for Pt catalysts using [Pt(NH 3) 4]Cl 2 as precursor salt. Results obtained showed mesopore volume and mean mesopore size to be important parameters that control Pt particle size and dispersion in catalysts containing 2 wt.% Pt. Once the most appropriate porosity to obtain the highest dispersion was determined, the metal content was increased to 20 wt.% Pt. However, the mean Pt particle size only increased from 1 to 2 nm, indicating the importance of an appropriate mesoporosity for obtaining a high dispersion at high metal loading. Mean Pt particle size was always slightly smaller by transmission electron microscopy than by H 2 chemisorption, because some Pt particles were not reduced during pre-treatment, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, transmission electron microscopy observations of catalysts with metal loading of 8–20 wt.% before pre-treatment showed the formation of self-assembled Pt–carbon hybrid nanorods and nanowires. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of this phenomenon in Pt/C catalysts.