Abstract
Ti6Al4V samples, obtained by selective laser melting (SLM), were subjected to successive treatments: acid etching, chemical oxidation in hydrogen peroxide solution and thermochemical processing. The effect of temperature and time of acid etching on the surface roughness, morphology, topography and chemical and phase composition after the thermochemical treatment was studied. The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and contact profilometry. The temperature used in the acid etching had a greater influence on the surface features of the samples than the time. Acid etching provided the original SLM surface with a new topography prior to oxidation and thermochemical treatments. A nanostructure was observed on the surfaces after the full process, both on their protrusions and pores previously formed during the acid etching. After the thermochemical treatment, the samples etched at 40 °C showed macrostructures with additional submicro and nanoscale topographies. When a temperature of 80 °C was used, the presence of micropores and a thicker anatase layer, detectable by X-ray diffraction, were also observed. These surfaces are expected to generate greater levels of bioactivity and high biomechanics fixation of implants as well as better resistance to fatigue.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the manufacturing of biomedical devices, especially dental and orthopedic implants, which operate under high biomechanical loads [1,2,3]
It was found that AECT surfaces showed significant differences in their topography and elemental composition in comparison with the Acid Etching (AE) surfaces
The temperature used in the AE process had a greater influence on the surface features of the samples
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the manufacturing of biomedical devices, especially dental and orthopedic implants, which operate under high biomechanical loads [1,2,3]. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a new concept involving the industrial production of objects through which the material is deposited layer by layer [10,11] Using this technique, which is known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, custom geometric shapes can be produced depending on the needs of each patient [11]. AM has beneficial features, such as high precision, freedom of design, minimization of waste, production of components directly from digital files, as well as lightweight parts with complex scales. It reduces the cost of product development and cycle time [12]
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