Abstract
The aim of the work was to improve soil fertility and increase the yield of winter wheat using the stubble biodestructor by activating the microbiological activity of the soil. The experimental studies were on the research field of Mykolayiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). After harvesting the precursor cultures of spring barley and peas the post-harvest residues of these crops were treated with a stubble biodestructor. After treatment of crop residues of spring barley and pea by the stubble biodestructor in the soil layer of 0 up to 20 cm the quantity of cellulose-destructive microorganisms increased by 27.9·105 up to 36.0·105 cfu/g of soil depending on the predecessor culture and the degree of degradation of these residues increased by 31.4 up to 45.1%. The number of nitrogen fixators in the 0-10 cm soil layer grew under the action of treatment of crop residues of spring barley and peas by stubble biodestructor on 13.4 up to 14.1 ·106 cfu/g of soilor 30.3 up to 35.0%. At the same time, a somewhat large number of bacteria in the soil was determined by the processing of post-harvest residues of peas, which was due to the biological characteristics of this legume culture. The average for years of researches at cultivating of winter wheat after spring barley using the stubble biodestructor the grain yield increased by 0.45 t ha–1, or 20.9%, and after pea it increased by 0.67 t ha–1 or 18.8% compared to the treatment variant of stubble just with water.
Highlights
IntroductionOne of the most important resources in increasing crop yields and improving soil fertility are organic fertilizers, which have traditionally satisfied 30 to 50% of plant nutritional needs
The problem of preserving and improving soil fertility without disturbing the natural equability of processes in agroecosystems is extremely relevant for agricultural production in Ukraine (Nilova et al, 2017).One of the most important resources in increasing crop yields and improving soil fertility are organic fertilizers, which have traditionally satisfied 30 to 50% of plant nutritional needs
A comparative analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the microbial grouping of soil samples before treatment of post-harvest residues with stubble biodestructor showed that the number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in the soil samples varied depending on the precursor culture (Table 1)
Summary
One of the most important resources in increasing crop yields and improving soil fertility are organic fertilizers, which have traditionally satisfied 30 to 50% of plant nutritional needs. Organic substances containing macro-and microelements enrich the soil with humus, microflora and improve its physical and chemical properties. One of the main types of organic fertilizers at the present stage of management is the straw of cereal crops, which enriches the soil with organic matter, enhances the life of the microflora and the intensity of its respiration, improves the nutrient regime of the soil (Sendetsky, 2018). Over the past 20-25 years due to the catastrophic reduction of livestock, the application of organic fertilizers in Ukraine decreased from 9.6 t ha–1 in 1990 up to 1.0 t ha–1 in 2016-2017 The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers
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