Abstract
The influence of stress triaxiality and strain rate on the tensile behaviour of mineral-filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is investigated in this paper. Axisymmetric notched tensile specimens with notch radius equal to 20 mm, 5 mm and 2 mm were tested at three nominal strain rates of 0.0001s−1, 0.001s−1 and 0.01s−1. Surface deformations were measured by digital image correlation and contour tracking, employing two orthogonal cameras, whereas infrared thermography was used to measure self-heating. The yield strength of the material was found to be strain rate and pressure dependent. The volume change was estimated from the stretch field in the notch region of the specimens and found to depend on both stress triaxiality and strain rate. A marked increase of temperature was measured at the highest strain rate.
Highlights
Polymeric materials are nowadays the most common group of materials used in consumer products, largely due to their low price, a wide range of favourable properties and good manufacturability
The strain softening is followed by strain hardening in all the tensile tests, except for the R2 specimens at a strain rate of 10−2 s−1
Johnsen et al [24] used the same cameras and optics, and demonstrated close agreement between the in-plane strains found from 2D and 3D digital image correlation (DIC) set-ups for a similar experimental configuration
Summary
Polymeric materials are nowadays the most common group of materials used in consumer products, largely due to their low price, a wide range of favourable properties and good manufacturability. The quantities of polymeric materials produced globally and the typically slow biodegradability of polymers impose challenges with regards to recycling, and motivate improved mechanical design to reduce material usage. The mechanical design of components made of polymeric materials with regards to structural integrity is a challenge, as the influence of viscosity, ageing, anisotropy and production parameters must be accounted for. Key ingredients in a material model are a constitutive relation, which describes the stress as function of strain, strain rate and temperature, and a failure criterion. The factors influencing a polymer’s ability to sustain large plastic strains have been investigated since the early days of thermoplastic materials, and important features include microstructure, inclusions, loading rate and stress triaxiality
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