Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a standard methodology for the extraction of epoxy resin precursors from several types of food packages (cans, multi-layered composite material, and cups) with selected simulation media (distilled water, 5% ethanol, 3% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5% acetic acid, artificial saliva) at different extraction times and temperatures (factors). Biological analyses were conducted to determine the acute toxicity levels of the extracts (with Vibrio fischeri bacteria) and their endocrine potential (with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts). In parallel, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to determine levels of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (mixture of isomers, BFDGE), ring novolac glycidyl ether (3-ring NOGE), and their derivatives. The variation induced by the different experimental factors was statistically evaluated with analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Our findings demonstrate the value of using a holistic approach to best partition the effects contributing to the end points of these assessments, and offer further guidance for adopting such a methodology, thus being a broadly useful reference for understanding the phenomena related to the impacts of food packaging materials on quality for long- and short-term storage, while offering a general method for analysis.
Highlights
Advances in food storage technology have greatly contributed to an overall increase of social well-being and global development
Food and its packaging materials have received increasing research attention given their enormous impact on food quality, and food stability, for both short- and long-term storage
The present work provides one such holistic approach to explain the observed acute toxicity and endocrine potential according to measured indices of trace organic substances that are present in extracts exposed to different simulation media under different conditions
Summary
Advances in food storage technology have greatly contributed to an overall increase of social well-being and global development. Packaging has vastly evolved from simple liquid or loose/powdery material containers into very sophisticated and dedicated systems enabling the long-term storage of specific products and utensils. The development of packaging must consider the high stability and quality of any material that will make direct contact with food or is destined to contain food prepared for a long shelf life [1]. Studies of the integrity of semi-rigid packages used Enterobacter aerogenes and spores of Bacillus subtilis to confirm the high utility of the material, demonstrating results comparable to more traditional electrolytic tests [2]. Additional tests and steps are required before any material can be considered as safe with Pet et al evaluated the possibility of food spoilage and contamination with bacteria due to handling operations [3].
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