Influence of Sowing Dates of Oil Flax Varieties on the Productivity at Different Seeding Rates

Abstract

For the conditions of the western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, it is important to choose the optimal sowing period, seeding rates for efficient provision of oil flax plants with nutrients and the realization of their genetic potential. When establishing the norms of seeding flaxseed, it is advisable to take into account soil fertility, precursors, weight of 1000 seeds, etc. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of the NAAS in a five-field crop rotation on the gray forest surface-covered soil type with average fertility rates. Three sowing rates (4, 6 and 8 mln seeds / ha) of Original and Liryna flax varieties were sown, which were sown in three terms: early (at the earliest opportunity), 10 and 20 days after the early term. On survival of plants during the growing season the sowing density had a significant effect. The number of plants that have fallen during the growing season before the start of harvesting in the full ripeness phase is in the range of 9.7… 15.2 % when sown in the first and second term and 10.7…22.5 % when sown 20 days after the first possibility of entering the field (3rd sowing period). Increase of seed rate to 8 million pieces. / ha caused an increase in the rate of plant loss during the growing season. The Original variety was characterized by a higher plant survival during the growing season under the sowing periods compared to the Lirina variety. The highest seed productivity (2.57 t / ha) was obtained in the Lirina variety for sowing 6.0 million pieces / ha and sowing at the first opportunity to enter the field. Sowing in 10 and 20 days after the first term caused a decrease in the yield of the Lirina variety by 0.16-0.35 t / ha, for the Original variety - by 0.36-0.45 t / ha. The Original variety proved to be more productive with the yield of flaxseed (3.65 t / ha) compared to the Lirina variety (3.14 t / ha), provided the early sowing rate of 8.0 mln seeds / ha. The use of late sowing conditions led to a decrease of this indicator in the range of 5.3-20.0%. Delaying the sowing period from the first opportunity to enter the field for 10 and 20 days led to a decrease in the mass index of 1000 seeds for the Original and Lirina varieties by 0.1-0.2 g (at the control of 7.0 g). The highest yield of oil per hectare was provided by the Lirin variety for the first sowing period and the seeding rate of 6.0-8.0 million similar seeds / ha - 1.15-1.16 t / ha. The use of late sowing dates reduced the yield of oil by 1.7-18.4% for both varieties studied.