Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2019 and 2020 rice growing seasons. The objectives were to investigate the effect of three sowing dates (May 1st, June 1st and July 1st) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 46, 69 and 92 kg /fed.) on rice yield and the infestation by rice leaf miner, Hydrellia prosternalis Deem. and rice stem borer, Chilo agammnon Bles. in Sakha Super 300 rice cultivar. Plant height, days to heading, filled grains/panicle, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were higher as rice was planted earlier, in both seasons. The number of panicles per hill was highest at June 1st planting. Also, fertility % was highest at June 1st plantation, but lowest at May 1st plantation. Values of all traits increased by the increase in nitrogen level, with the exception of fertility and 1000-grain weight. Rice leaf miner infestation increased gradually as the rice was planted later. The numbers of infested leaves were 21.80 and 23.42 per 100 rice leaves when planting on May 1st. The infestation was highest with corresponding values of 44.45 and 46.00 per100 rice leaves in 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. Percentages of mines took the same trend. Also, the percentages of infested leaves and mines were higher by increasing the dose of nitrogen fertilization. Averages of dead hearts, caused by the rice stem borer were 7.2, 6.6 and 4.6 %, and those of whiteheads were 7.9, 6.6 and 4.8 % for May 1st, June 1st and July 1st plantations, respectively. As for nitrogen levels, it was clear that the borer infestation gradually increased, as dead hearts and whiteheads, due to an increase in nitrogen level. Thus, it is recommended to sow rice early (during May) with moderate nitrogen levels (69 kg N/fed.) to avoid severe infestations by rice leaf miner and rice stem borer.
Highlights
Rice occupies one-third of the world’s area specified for cereal production and is considered a staple food for more than one-half of the world's population, who depend on it as a main daily source of calories and protein (Tiwari et al, 2014)
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and insect infestations of Sakha Super 300 rice cultivar
Field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2019 and 2020 rice growing seasons
Summary
Rice occupies one-third of the world’s area specified for cereal production and is considered a staple food for more than one-half of the world's population, who depend on it as a main daily source of calories and protein (Tiwari et al, 2014). The experiments aimed to investigate the effect of three sowing dates (May 1st, June 1st and July 1st) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 46, 69 and 92 kg /fed.) on yield and yield attributes and the infestation by rice leaf miner (Hydrellia prosternalis Deem.) and rice stem borer (Chilo agammnon Bles.). The effect of sowing date, nitrogen fertilizer level and their interaction on plant height, days to heading and number of panicles per hill and the total number of grains per panicle are given in Table (1).
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