Influence of sowing date and variety features of winter rye plants on photosynthetic indicators

Abstract

The concentration of pigments and chlorophyll potential in the tissues of various organs of three varieties of winter rye during plant ontogenesis were studied. New varieties of winter rye Radon, Podarok and Zilant were sown in 3 data with an interval of 10 days, starting from August 25. Sampling for plant analyses of photosynthetic activity was carried out at the beginning of flowering and milk stage of the grain in 2018-2019. Differences between the varieties were revealed, both chlorophyll content in assimilating organs and their total accumulation in different periods of the growing season. It is shown that the sowing time, which determines the rate and degree of autumn and spring development of winter rye plants, has significant effect on the chlorophyll content. The highest content of green pigments was found at the late sowing date in leaves, leaf sheaths, and spike. In the stems, almost equal amounts of chlorophyll at the 1st and 2nd dates and a slight decrease at the third date were observed. The maximum chlorophyll content accumulated in leaf during flowering (0.88-1.83 mg / g) and during milk stage of grain (1.04 ... 1.93 mg / g) of winter rye. The highest amount of chlorophyll A+B variety Radon showed at the 3rd sowing date, and Zilant - at the 1st sowing date. The rank of varieties was maintained both during flowering and at milk stage of grain. The value of chlorophyll index of the plant reached a maximum in the phase of flowering at the first sowing date (on average for the varieties 9.83 mg/plant). Differences between the varieties in this indicator were more evident in the phase of milk ripeness. On average for the three dates of sowing the highest values of chlorophyll index were observed in variety Radon (8.72 and 8.45 mg/plant, in flowering and milky ripeness, respectively).