Abstract
This article investigates the influence of sodium polyaspartate (PASP), used as an additive in the negative active material (NAM) on the performance of lead-acid batteries, including battery capacity at different discharge/charge rates, fast charge performance, high rate discharge performance, and cycling performance. The addition of PASP to NAM can prevent lead sulfate accumulation and refine the size of lead sulfate crystals making them easier to restore during the charging process, thus enhancing the utilization of NAM. Consequently, the charge and discharge capacity and the cycling performance are also improved. Many remarkable improvements of the performance of lead-acid batteries have been observed during the battery tests. The obtained results show that addition of 0.4–0.9 % PASP additive to NAM yields highest discharge capacity compared to that of regular batteries, exceeding by about 21–29 % of the 3-h rate capacity on average. Other performance parameters also show a high superiority trend as compared to batteries without additive and the additive loading level ranges between 0.4 and 4 %.
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