Abstract
The effect of small amounts of nickel oxide on the microstructure and the electrical conductivity of zirconia-8 mol% yttria was systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy techniques. Nickel carbonate was added to commercial yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, and the mixture was used to prepare green compacts. Sintering experiments were carried out at several sintering temperatures. The electrical conductivity of sintered specimens are similar for nickel oxide additions up to 1 mol% and sintering times up to 5 h. For larger sintering times, reduction of the grain boundary electrical conductivity, along with microstructure defects were observed in specimens containing the additive. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis in several micro-regions of sintered specimens revealed a heterogeneous distribution of nickel. The nickel segregation phenomenon occurring with long sintering times is responsible for an additional blocking effect on the electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte.
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