Abstract
Titanium-hydroxyapatite functionally graded materials (Ti/HA FGMs) exhibit potential for specific mechanical and biological properties. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a flexible process for manufacturing Ti/HA FGMs with accurate gradients of composition and microstructure. However, little information has been discovered about how the sintering temperature affects the mechanical behavior and biocompatibility of Ti/HA FGMs produced via SPS. In this study, the relationship between sintering temperature and the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of the Ti/HA FGM created by SPS is explored. 6-Layer functionally graded Titanium-Nano hydroxyapatite specimens were produced at three sintering temperatures of 850, 1000, and 1150 °C. To investigate the properties of the specimens, various techniques including compression test, Vickers hardness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), toxicity (MTT), and cell adhesion were performed. According to the results, TiO2 and TCP phases formed in the structure of FGM by raising the sintering temperature to 1150 °C, which decreased the compressive strength from 265 to 167 MPa and increased the maximum hardness from 419 to 894 HV. In addition, increasing the sintering temperature to 1150 °C enhanced the biocompatibility of the fabricated Ti/HA FGM. The optimum sintering temperature for generating Ti/HA FGM with appropriate mechanical and biocompatibility properties was 1000 °C.
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