Abstract
Influence of feeding conditions and of the presence of a various number of shelters in basins on development of differentiation of juveniles of Salmo salar at the age 1+ and formation of smolts were studied under experimental conditions. The experiments had been carried out on groups of ten fish. The influence of investigated factors turned out to be significant. Under normal feeding four times a day, the quantity of formed smolts depends on the number of shelters: the more shelters that are available, the fewer smolts appear in groups. The presence of one shelter is a strong stimulant enhancing aggressive activity towards conspecific individuals, resulting in destruction of some fish in the group. Under feeding once a day, i.e., under food shortage, more fish perished, and the number of smolts decreased as the fish did not accumulate a sufficient energy potential for the morphophysiological transformation. One of the potential mechanisms of development of differentiation of fish juveniles into parrs and future smolts is discussed, based on domination of some fish possessing the individual territory and exclusion of subdominant specimens into open water as a result of social interaction.
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