Influence of sensor mass and adipose tissue on the mechanomyography signal of elbow flexor muscles

Abstract

Mechanomyography (MMG) is a non-invasive technique that records muscle contraction using sensors positioned on the skin's surface. Therefore, it can have its signal attenuated due to the adipose tissue, directly influencing the results. This study evaluates the influence of different mass added to a sensor's assembly and the adipose tissue on MMG signals of elbow flexor muscles. Test protocol consisted of skinfold thickness measurement of 22 volunteers, followed by applying 2–3 s electrical stimulation for muscle contraction during the acquisition of MMG signals. MMG signals were processed in the time domain, using the average of the absolute amplitude, and expressed in gravity values (G), termed here as MMG(G). Tests occurred four times with different sensor masses. MMG data were processed and analyzed statistically using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine the differences between the MMG signals measured with different sensor masses. The Mann-Whitney analysis indicated differences in the MMG signals between groups with different skinfold thickness. MMG(G) signals suffered attenuation with increasing sensor mass (0.4416 G to 0.94 g; 0.3902 G to 2.64 g; 0.3762 G to 5.44 g; 0.3762 G to 7.14 g) and adipose tissue.