Abstract
Fractionated extracts of foliage of juvenile jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lambert, were investigated as antifeedants for larvae of the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, and N. rugifrons Middleton. A partially purified fraction exhibiting strong antifeedant activity was obtained from aqueous extracts by a selective extraction procedure and by TLC. This fraction had similar TLC development and IR spectral absorption as an antifeedant component in a hexane extract of juvenile foliage. N. swainei showed variable feeding preference to non-host foliage and oleoresin extracts. Several non-oxygenated monoterpenes common in pine needle oil did not inhibit larval feeding. Terpene acetates also were inert. The resin acid, 1-pimaric, did not inhibit N. rugifrons feeding; d-pimaric acid and abietic acid were not active at low concentration (1%), but deterred larval feeding at a higher concentration (20%). Larvae were strongly deterred by tall oil fatty acids and certain oxygenated monoterpenes. Feeding of both sawflies was inhibited by certain quinoidal compounds; larvae were most sensitive to 2-methyl-3-phytyl- 1,4-naphthoquinone > 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone > 1,4-naphthoquinone > 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone > 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.
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