Abstract
Calcium carbonate is a compound existing in living organisms and produced for many biomedical applications. In this work, calcium carbonate was synthesized by a CO2 bubbling method using ammonia as a CO2 absorption promotor. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose were added into the reaction mixture to modify characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate particles. To determine the polymorphic form of produced calcium carbonate particles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to estimate the size and shape of produced particles. Mixtures of vaterite and calcite were synthesized in all experiments. The percentage content of the vaterite in the samples depended on used additive. The highest concentration of vaterite (90%) was produced from a solution containing sucrose, while the lowest concentration (2%) was when fructose was added. Saccharides affected the rate of CO2 absorption, which resulted in a change in the precipitation rate and, therefore, the polymorphic composition of calcium carbonate obtained in the presence of saccharides was more varied.
Highlights
Calcium carbonate is one of the mostly used compounds in nature and industry
The pKa value for fructose is lower than for glucose and sucrose [33,34], which means that solutions of fructose have lower pH than other sugars
Our results confirm more acidic properties of fructose and the lower pH of the initial solution during carbonation causes the absorption of CO2 in the solution to be slower
Summary
Calcium carbonate is one of the mostly used compounds in nature and industry. Synthetic calcium carbonate is manufactured in a precipitation process that allows the obtaining of the product of controlled quality [1]. Calcium carbonate precipitation depends on the factors affecting nucleation and subsequent crystal growth as well as its agglomeration and/or transformation. Parameters such as a supersaturation, temperature, pH, mixing intensity, seed crystals, solvent selection and additives should be controlled to obtain precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) with defined characteristics [2], which is described, among others by polymorphic composition, morphology, crystal size distribution, surface area, and brightness
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