Abstract
The intensive civilization development implies searching for new possibilities connected with extension of city agglomerations, both the areas of flat building and the industrial areas. One of the most interesting solution is to use water reservoirs, rivers and sea areas. The extension of buildings affects the building materials, especially hydrotechnical concrete. Water structures are usually the objects of huge dimensions exposed to extreme conditions. In most cases these buildings are specific and complicated. They require an individual approach to concrete mix design and should be monitored by measurement technologies supported by automated numerical examinations. Nowadays health monitoring systems are applied to large variety of engineering structures. In order to get the required quality of hydrotechnical concrete, additives and admixtures are necessary. The material properties of underwater concrete can be also improved using polymer and steel fibers of various content and length. The majority of areas are built of concrete, that is the reason to be aware of admixture influence on the environment and living organisms. The attempt to evaluate the description of different kinds of hydrotechnical concrete as potential habitat of water organisms, was indicated in the paper.
Highlights
The majority of massive hydrotechnical structures require the usage of underwater concrete technology (UWC), where major issue refers to avoiding washout of binding agent from the concrete mixture
CEM I 52,5 N CEM II/A-V 42,5 R CEMIV/B(V) 32,5 R Water Silica sand 0/2mm Gravel 2/8 mm Gravel 8/16 mm Granite grit 2/8 Granite grit 8/16 HRWR admixture based on hybrid polymers HRWR admixture based on stabilised polycarboxylates HRWR admixture based on modified polycarboxylates and phosphonates AWA type admixture water / cement ratio fc2 [N/mm2] fc28 [N/mm2] fc56 [N/mm2]
Based on the results of the first stage of the studies, after 30 days of exposure of different concretes in water environments, it can be concluded that the highest impact on changes in water parameters concerns concrete number 3 with an HRWR admixture based on hybrid polymers
Summary
The majority of massive hydrotechnical structures require the usage of underwater concrete technology (UWC), where major issue refers to avoiding washout of binding agent from the concrete mixture. All underwater concrete techniques focus on minimization of mixture’s contact with water during its supply for placement. Works organisation and uninterrupted concrete placement is a key factor here. Concrete of class above C 20/25 are used. In case of underwater concreting, the requirements on technological process are more important than the concrete strength properties. In order to ensure a high liquidity of the mixture and to avoid binding agent losses, above 375 kg/m3 of cement and additives per 1 m3 of concrete it is assumed.
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