Abstract
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural products in the international market and many countries are involved in its production, trade or consumption. Arabica coffee is self-pollinated, homozygous, and normally propagated by seeds. Seeds have been considered intermediate storage behavior with varying results. It is highly desirable that seeds are stored safely to optimize coffee seedling production at the appropriate time and season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature, time of storage and initial seed moisture contents on early seedling performances of coffee seeds and to determine the appropriate seed handling method. In this experiment, the influence of initial seed moisture content with four levels (12, 17, 22 & 27%) with storage two temperature (15oC & ambient), time of storage with six levels (sowing after each month and upto 6 months) and on coffee seedling growth stages were studied in a split-split-plot factorial design. The data collected were subjected to ANOVA. The storage environment with cold temperature (15oC) accelerated seedling growth stages parameters much better performances than did ambient temperature condition. All tested seedling growth stages were faster at initial time of storage. After third month seed quality drastically reduced especially under ambient storage condition. Seeds dried to 12% moisture content showed delayed performance throughout the trial period. Seeds with 27% initial moisture content took shorter days to reach at different growth stages at initial storage time but when aged took much days. Storage temperature, time of storage and initial seed moisture contents showed highly significant main and interaction effects and seeds dried to intermediate moisture level (17 and 22%), stored under cold temperature and sown at early times resulted in enhanced seedling growth. It was concluded that drying coffee seeds to 17% to 22% moisture contents and kept under storage with relatively lower temperatures (15oC) for not more than six months of storage showed better performance.
Highlights
As most commercially grown cultivars of Arabica coffee are largely self-pollinated and homozygous, they are normally propagated by seeds
The result the present study showed that interaction between storage condition, time of storage and initial seed moisture content was highly significant (P< 0.01) for mean days to true leaf stage with the same manner to Mean Days to Butterfly Stage (MDBFS) (Table 1)
Despite its enormous genetic variability, favorable ecology for production and its importance in the national economy of the country, productivity of the crop remained much lower than released varieties yielding potential which primarily associated to use of poor seed that result in poor seedlings causing poor establishment in the field
Summary
As most commercially grown cultivars of Arabica coffee are largely self-pollinated and homozygous, they are normally propagated by seeds. The Coffee seed normally presents high germination potential, just after appropriate harvest and desiccation. It loses its physiological quality very rapidly under usual storage conditions. Ellis et al (1990) have grouped coffee under intermediate category for seed behavior, because seed viability lasts for only short periods and must be planted soon after collection. One may need to store seeds for up to six months or more because of the gap between harvesting (during October and November) and sowing seeds (between April and August). Storage and preservation of quality seed lots until sowing is as important as producing quality seeds
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