Abstract
The metal–ceramic interface requires proper surface preparation of both metal and ceramic substrates. This process is complicated by the differences in chemical bonds and physicochemical properties that characterise the two materials. However, adequate bond strength at the interface and phase composition of the titanium-bioceramics system is essential for the durability of dental implants and improving the substrates’ functional properties. In this paper, the authors present the results of a study determining the effect of mechanical and chemical surface treatment (sandblasting and etching) on the strength and quality of the titanium-low-fusing dental porcelain bond. To evaluate the strength of the metal-ceramic interface, the authors performed mechanical tests (three-point bending) according to EN ISO 9693 standard, microscopic observations (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy studies. The results showed that depending on the chemical etching medium used, different bond strength values and failure mechanisms of the metal-ceramic system were observed. The analyzed samples met the requirements of EN ISO 9693 for metal-ceramic systems and received strength values above 25 MPa. Higher joint strength was obtained for the samples after sandblasting and chemical etching compared to the samples subjected only to sandblasting.
Highlights
Metal–ceramic joints are commonly used in dental restorations, mainly due to their adequate mechanical strength and aesthetics [1,2,3]
In order to analyze the effect of surface treatment on the metal–ceramic bond, firstly tests were carried out on individual porcelain layers
It should be emphasized that all of the samples met the requirements of EN ISO 9693:2019 standard [42], where the bond strength should be greater than 25 MPa
Summary
Metal–ceramic joints are commonly used in dental restorations, mainly due to their adequate mechanical strength and aesthetics [1,2,3]. Many substrate materials are metal alloys, which highly affect the properties of the obtained metal-porcelain joint. The continuous development in biomaterials results in several studies evaluating tribological properties and the interactions between the human body and implants. The continuous development in biomaterials results in several studies evaluating the interactions between the human body and titanium implants. Its main advantages include excellent biocompatibility, high strength, and corrosion resistance [10,11,12,13]. Many works have been done on the titanium surface treatment, to obtain an accurate bonding strength of the metal-low-fusing porcelain system
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