Abstract
In the past decades an extensive work was done in order to improve the performance and increase the reliability of triaxial testing. Among the several changes made in order to solve the inaccuracies of the traditional test configuration, two of them are discussed in this paper: the sample slenderness [in other words, the H/D ratio] and the introduction of smooth end platens instead of the rough ones. By using H/D=1 and not the usual H/D=2 ratio, the formation of a single line-rapture and the bulge shape seem prevented. The smooth ends decrease the restrain at the top and bottom of the sample. From a theoretical point of view the effects of these changes are clear, but experimentally, the results coming from various studies are contradictory. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the previous findings on the topic, including both laboratory and FEM modelling test programs.
Highlights
The triaxial test is a standard procedure, useful in almost all the geotechnical designs thanks to its versatility
The aim of the present work is to elucidate the implications of these two factors: the H/D ratio and the adoption of smooth ends
It is problematic to separate the effect of the H/D ratio from the effect of the ends, unless the experimental design takes into account a wide variety of combination
Summary
The triaxial test is a standard procedure, useful in almost all the geotechnical designs thanks to its versatility. The Danish geotechnical tradition makes use of samples with H/D=1 and smooth (lubricated and enlarged) caps This choice is supposed to guarantee a more homogeneous behaviour and less disturbance in the sample. Rowe and Barden [12] and Bishop and Green [18] were among the first authors who tested samples with slenderness H/D=1 They agree that sand samples with H/D=1 and smooth ends show a cylindrical shape instead of the barrel profile.
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