Abstract
Root-induced channels are the primary controlling factors for rapid movement of water and solute in forest soils. To explore the effects of root distribution on preferential flow during rainfall events, deciduous (Quercus variabilis BI.) and coniferous forest (Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco) sites were selected to conduct dual-tracer experiments (Brilliant Blue FCF and Bromide [Br−]). Each plot (1.30 × 1.30 m) was divided into two subplots (0.65 × 1.30 m), and two rainfall simulations (40 mm, large rainfall and 70 mm, extreme rainfall) were conducted in these. Vertical soil profiles (1.00 m × 0.40 m) were excavated, and preferential flow path features were quantified based on digital image analysis. Root (fine and coarse) abundance and Br− concentration were investigated for each soil profile. In deciduous forest, accumulated roots in the upper soil layer induce larger lateral preferential flow as compared to the coniferous forest soil during large rainfall events. Compared with deciduous forest, coniferous forest soil, with higher (horizontal and vertical) spatial variability of preferential flow paths, promotes higher percolation and solute leaching to deeper soil layers during extreme rainfall events. Fine roots, accounting for a larger proportion of total roots (compared to coarse roots), facilitate preferential flow in the 0–40 cm forest soil layer. Overall, our results indicate that the root distribution pattern of different tree species can exert diverse effects on preferential flow in forest soils.
Highlights
Preferential flow, without conforming to Darcy’s flow, is well recognized as a potentially important mechanism in soils [1,2,3]
The dye coverage (DC) decreased with soil depth for both deciduous forest (DF)
Our results showed that preferential flow paths at the DF and coniferous forest (CF) sites entire soil profile in forest ecosystems
Summary
Preferential flow, without conforming to Darcy’s flow, is well recognized as a potentially important mechanism in soils [1,2,3] This kind of flow can increase the leaching potential of soils and limit the storage, filter, and buffer functions of soils, and associate with a large number of inaccuracies in water and solute transport predictions [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Continuous root channels can generate preferential flow paths, and promote movement of water and solutes with little resistance [11,12,13,14,15]. Large amounts of well-connected fine roots can form complex networks and enhance the rapid movement of water and solute [24]. Higher fine root length density and larger biomass are usually found in preferential flow paths as compared to the soil matrix [25]
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