Abstract
The researchers conduct the field stationary experiment with the use of mineral fertilizers and straw in the grain and steam crop rotation with the withdrawal field of alfalfa and study the number of microflora in the rhizosphere of winter wheat of the new variety Priirtyshskaya after treatment of seeds with biospecimen of complex effect - risoagrine. The highest number of useful crop groups of microorganisms was observed in the variant with inoculation of crop seeds by risoagrine on the basis of applying mineral fertilizers, as well as in combination of inoculation techniques, application of mineral fertilizers and straw (N15P23 + straw + inoculation), respectively, 444 and 355 million UU/yr with 217 million UU/yr in the control group. In the variant with inoculation of winter wheat seeds by mineral fertilizers (N15P23 + inoculation), the number ofoligonitrophils and bacteria, mineralizing mineral phosphates, increased by 2.2 times, nitrifiers - by 60%, microorganisms that utilize organic nitrogen compounds on MPA - by 39, consuming mineral nitrogen on CAA - by 73% compared to the control group. The celluloseolytic soil activity under winter wheat sowing in variants N15P23 + inoculation and N15P23 + straw + inoculation increased to 66.5-67.0%, exceeded the control group by 1.7 times. The highest increase in the crop’s grains was observed in the combination of mineral, organic (straw) and bacterial (rizoagrine) fertilizers - 40.3% in comparison with the control group. Additional nitrogen removal by winter wheat crop due to the activity of associative diazotrophs varied from 6 to 16.5 kg/ha. Correlative relations of high (r=0.84-0.91) and average (r=0.62-0.72) degree of microorganisms in the rhizosphere were observed among the indicators of crop yield and number of microorganisms. The closest correlation took place between the value of winter wheat grain yield and the number of bacteria growing on MPA, including ammonifiers, and the yield and number of nitrifying bacteria.
Highlights
Ранее проведенными исследованиями (2014–2017 гг.) установлено, что при предпосевной обработке семян яровой мягкой пшеницы биопрепаратом ризоагрин на основе агробактерий количество дополнительного азота за счет ассоциативной азотфиксации микроорганизмами ризосферы составило в вариантах опыта 11–16 кг/га, прибавка урожайности зерна – 1,5–1,6 ц/га, или 7-9% к контролю [4]
The highest number of useful crop groups of microorganisms was observed in the variant with inoculation
consuming mineral nitrogen on CAA - by 73% compared to the control group
Summary
В опыте с озимой пшеницей для предпосевной обработки семян был использован биопрепарат на основе Agrobacterium radiobacter шт. 204 В опыте с озимой пшеницей для предпосевной обработки семян был использован биопрепарат на основе Agrobacterium radiobacter шт. В течение вегетации по фазам развития культуры (кущение, колошение, налив зерна) проводился отбор проб ризосферы для микробиологического анализа. В опыте использован новый сорт пшеницы селекции Омского АНЦ Прииртышская. Цель исследований – оценить влияние одного из агротехнологических приемов – предпосевной обработки семян озимой пшеницы биопрепаратом ассоциативных азотфиксаторов – на биологическую активность ризосферы культуры и ее урожайность: раздельно и на фоне умеренной дозы минеральных удобрений (N15Р23 на 1 га севооборотной площади), а также при заделке соломы предшествующих зерновых культур. ГТК за май – август составил 1,31 при норме 1,10. Погодные условия вегетационных периодов лет исследований (2018– 2019 гг.) были благоприятными для роста озимых зерновых культур
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