Abstract
This numerical study delves into the dynamic interaction between reservoir heterogeneity and its impact on the dual objectives of geothermal energy extraction and CO2 sequestration. Employing finite element models, this research scrutinizes the effects of variable porosity, permeability, and capillary entry pressures on fluid dynamics and thermal processes within geothermal systems. Key findings reveal that these heterogeneities significantly dictate fluid behavior and heat distribution, influencing the operational efficiency and environmental sustainability of geothermal–CO2 storage operations. By integrating the nonlinear, temperature-dependent properties of fluids, simulations provide in-depth insights into the coupled fluid–thermal interactions that govern system performance. The outcomes offer a refined understanding of the complex interdependencies within heterogeneous reservoirs, underpinning the optimization of design and operational methodologies for co-optimized geothermal energy and CO2 storage solutions. Ultimately, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies, highlighting further investigative pathways to bolster the efficiency and longevity of two-phase water–CO2 geothermal systems.
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