Influence of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy on left atrial size and function in patients with moderate hypertension

Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of regression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy on left atrial (LA) size and function in patients treated with telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Methods. Patients population included 80 patients with mild–moderate LV hypertrophy treated with telmisartan. Patients were followed over a period of 12 months from the start of telmisartan treatment. LA size was measured during systole from the parasternal long‐axis view from M‐mode. Atrial function was assessed by Doppler‐echocardiography and the following parameters were measured: transmitral peak A velocity, atrial filling fraction, atrial ejection force (AEF), peak E velocity, deceleration time and isovolumic relaxation time, LA maximal and minimal volume, and LV cardiac mass index (LVMI). Results. All patients had an increased LVMI and decrease during follow‐up. LA dimensions were greater at baseline and reduced after 1 year of treatment. LA volume indexes maximal volume, minimal volume and P volume were reduced compared with baseline value (maximal volume from 35±5 to 32±5, p<0.05; minimal volumes from 14±2 to 10±4, p<0.05). AEF, a parameter of atrial systolic function, increased from 12±3 to 15±2.4 (p<0.01). The reduction of LA volumes correlate with reduction of LVMI (LA maximal volume and LVMI r = 0.45; p<0.01; LA minimal volume and LVMI r = 0.34; p<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between LV mass index and P volume (r = 0.41; p<0.01), LV mass index and LA active emptying volume (r = 0.39; p<0.01), and LV mass index and LA total emptying volume (r = 0.38; p<0.05). Conclusions. The present study suggests that regression of LV hypertrophy due to telmisartan is associated with reduction of LA volumes that expresses variation of LV end‐diastolic pressure. The reduction of LV end‐diastolic pressure is associated with an increase in diastolic filling and with a significant reduction of active and passive emptying contribution of left atrium to LV stroke volume.