Influence of pulse oximeter lower alarm limit on the incidence of hypoxaemia in the recovery room

Abstract

In a prospective, randomized study, we have investigated the effects of two arbitrary pulse oximeter lower alarm limit (LAL) settings (90% = group 90, n = 320 and 85% = group 85, n = 327) on the incidence of hypoxaemia in the recovery room. In group 90, we calculated the theoretical effect of elimination of transient episodes of low pulse oximeter oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2) by introducing a time delay between the onset of the alarm condition and triggering of the alarm. When only hypoxaemic episodes lasting more than 1 min were included, SpO2 < or = 90% occurred in 11% of patients in group 90 and in 20% in group 85 (relative risk (RR) 1.84, confidence interval (CI) 1.26-2.69; P < 0.01). Hypoxaemia < or = 85% occurred in 2% of patients in group 90 and in 6% in group 85 (RR 3.10, CI 1.32-7.28; P < 0.01). In group 90, 1007 alarms (33% false) occurred, whereas in group 85, 395 alarms (28% false) occurred. Introducing a theoretical delay of 15 s in group 90 between crossing the alarm threshold and triggering the alarm would have reduced the number of alarms by 60%. The results of the study suggest that decreasing the alarm limit in an attempt to reduce frequent false alarms may lead to an increase in more relevant episodes of hypoxaemia and setting the LAL at 85% cannot be recommended routinely. Introducing a 15 s delay in group 90 would reduce the number of alarms by the same amount as changing the LAL from 90% to 85%.