Abstract
Bio-degradable cassava starch-based adhesives were produced from chemically gelatinized starch formulations. The varying combinations of process parameters applied include: concentration of gelatinization modifier, mass % borax/starch, and temperature of reaction mixture. The physico-chemical parameters for characterizing the adhesive samples were viscosity, density, pH and bonding strength. The effects of the variation of process parameters on the quality of the adhesives were assessed using response surface (central composite) designs with 2 factors, to relate the highest adhesive quality with the optimal combination of process factors. The adhesives produced using HCl as the gelatinization modifier were of a higher quality than those produced using NaOH with one of the most important quality assessment parameters which is the bond strength being 22.31 kPa at 0.01 M and 20% mass borax/starch and 11.60 kPa at 0.01 M and 8% mass borax/starch for HCl and NaOH respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the optimal temperature for the production of the adhesive was 85˚C.
Highlights
Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) is a carbohydrate rich root (15% - 33% starch by proximate analysis) produced principally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, South America and Asia
The adhesives produced using HCl as the gelatinization modifier were of a higher quality than those produced using NaOH with one of the most important quality assessment parameters which is the bond strength being 22.31 kPa at 0.01 M and 20% mass borax/starch and 11.60 kPa at 0.01 M and 8% mass borax/starch for HCl and NaOH respectively
Production of adhesive using HCl as a gelatinization modifier: 6 g of dry cassava starch was dissolved in 100 ml of 0.01 M HCl and stirred while it was being heated on a hot plate
Summary
Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) is a carbohydrate rich root (15% - 33% starch by proximate analysis) produced principally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, South America and Asia. Cassava possesses a vast array of non-food industrial applications, many of which are based on the modification of the native or industrial starches extracted from the root through the wet method. These include its use as thickener, binder, expanding agent, stabilizer and replacement for fat [1]. Due to the peculiar factor endowments of sub-Saharan Africa, and the comparative advantages the region possesses in the cultivation of cassava, it has become very important to explore the non-food industrial utilization potentials and products from the crop within the adhesives industries, most of which are currently imported in various forms into the continent. Harnessing local adhesives production within the sub-region will lead to the development of a basic starch-derived industry able to provide incomes to hundreds of thousands of people participating along the cassava processing value chain through the application of intermediate level technologies to achieve import substitution
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